Tag overview for: 'linux'
Entries on this site with 'linux'
- Setting up the check_mk agent on Linux
? 1. Verify if the server already has the check_mk agent installed, using the command below: [[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep check_mk If this returns any matching pa - Setting Up a Django Server Using Nginx and Gunicorn
? ? We'll setup and configure the Django server on Ubuntu. We are going to configure it with Nginx and Gunicorn for good compatibility and performance. ? ? • Preparation ? - Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
This error "Failed to set locale, defaulting to C" is generally occur on ubuntu OS when there is no locale setup permanently in the environment which you work. It most com - Slow password prompt while making an SSH connection?
We've seen many times that when someone is trying to make an SSH connection to a server or a Linux machine there is a delay of some seconds or maybe even a minute after in - How to check the number of active connections on the Linux server
With the help of the commands below, you can check active connections on Linux server on different ports:- ? ? netstat -ntu | grep ':143' | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 - A powerful Linux firewall: iptables
Linux has an extremely powerful built-in firewall, referred to as iptables. It works on IP addresses, protocols (tcp, udp, icmp) and ports. Iptables places rules into pred - Installing the mcrypt extension to PHP on Plesk 11.x
We have found that many users need the PHP mcrypt extension for the payment gateway or security reasons, however this doesn't come by default on Plesk or on the Linux serv - Allowing direct root login using SSH on Ubuntu
By default, both root login and the root account are usually locked on the server due to security concerns. However, sometimes it may be necessary to have the root user ac - Previewing a website before a DNS update in Plesk
If you want to view your website before changing the DNS of the domain in the Plesk control panel, then below are the steps to follow:-? Step 1: Upload the files using FTP - Checking the status of PCI devices on Linux
How do we find out the status of a PCI device connected to a PCI bus on a Linux machine and how do we find out whether it is connected with the system or not? For this, we - clnt_create: RPC: Port mapper failure - Unable to receive: errno 113 (No route to host)
What does one do when they get the error below while trying to see the shared NFS directory with the help of the showmount command:- [[email protected] ~]# showmount -e serve - How to install and use the qmHandle utility with Qmail
qmHandle is a utility for managing the Qmail and mail queue operations. By default, it is not installed with Qmail configuration but you can install it to easily manage Qm - mount error(12): Cannot allocate memory
Sometimes when connecting to the Windows shared drive using the Linux/Windows system, we get the error as below:- [[email protected] ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.1.5/home /mnt/ - - Disabling the default SSH port and direct root user login on the Linux machine
Many times, a hacker tries to login directly via root access on the Linux machine (which enables root login) and can get access by cracking the password with the default S - How to use diff and patch
We'll learn the three things below, as follows:- 1) Differentiating between two files and redirecting the differences into a new file. 2) Creating a patch file with the di - Password-less SSH authentication to a remote machine
If you're getting irritated or tired of giving your password again and again during SSH login to a remote host, then there is another way using which you can do SSH access - Argument list too long? Deleting the file or directory using its inode number
We've noticed that sometimes a file or directory has a really big size due to which removing it is not possible and you get the message below:- Argument list too long \* T - Mounting a shared Windows directory on Linux
If you have some important data on your Windows machine which you want to access from the Linux server, then you can do that and be able to access the shared directory or - Steps to install the Gallery application manually with Linux hosting
Please follow the steps below to install the Gallery application:- 1. Download the package from the official website or through any other means of Internet resources. 2. U - Steps to move domains from the Windows server to the Linux server
1) Please take a backup at your end of your domain webfiles and emails and then delete the domain from the existing Windows user account. 2) Create a new user account agai - How to check the Postfix queue with the Qshape tool?
Generally there are many ways to check the emails in the queue on Postfix such as:- mailq postqueue -q But Qshape is another very nice tool which shows the number of email - How to enable an SSH port other than 22 on a Linux machine?
Solution:- 1. Make an entry of that port in the file "/etc/ssh/sshd_config". 2. Restart the SSHD service (optional). That's all. - How to compare the contents of two files
Using the diff command we can compare the differences in two files:- diff file1 file2 The command above will compare two files for differences. - Checking for the enabled modules of Apache in Linux
The quickest and easiest way to check for the enabled modules of Apache on Linux is via the command prompt with the following command:- apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES This c - How to enable debugging in WordPress?
Many times we've faced issues with the WordPress blog due to which we either get a blank page or error 500 or some other custom error but not the exact error which was sup - SQL query to set/update the MySQL user password in the old style
The following query can be used to set/update the MySQL user password in the old style:- SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'%'=OLD_PASSWORD('password'); FLUSH Privileges; - A script to update Modlogon manually on the H-Sphere Linux server
You may update the Modlogan stats by running this command on the web server: /hsphere/shared/bin/sudo -u USERNAME /bin/sh -c "cat /hsphere/local/home/USERNAME/logs/DOMAIN. - How to check for the OS version and hardware structure on the Linux server
We can check the installed OS version on the Linux server with the help of the files below:- [[email protected]]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.X(Final) [root@ - How to Disable/Enable SELinux on Linux?
SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux) is a Linux security module which controls access to files and directories. However, sometimes we like to enable or disable SELinux as per - MySQL Error: Prepared statement needs to be re-prepared
To fix this error, first try to restart the MySQL services. Otherwise, try modifying any of the following database settings: tmp_table_size 32M=>64M join_buffer_size 256k= - Runlevels on Unix/Linux
"Runlevel" as a term defines the state of the machine after booting. The following are the runlevels defined for Unix/Linux systems:- ID ? ? ? Description 0 ? ? ? Halt 1 ? - How to mount an NFS shared directory on the local Linux machine?
Many times in organizations, data is located on the server which employess/users need to access by mounting the network shared directory to the local system and then they - How to configure e-mail with IMAP/POP3 configuration in an Android device
Yes, you can configure your email in an Android device with IMAP or POP3 settings by following the steps below: Step 1: Open your device's email application. Step 2: If yo - Taking a backup of a MySQL table and restoring it
Use the command below to take a backup of only one table: # mysqldump -u db_username -p mydatabase table1 > table1.sql Use the command below to restore the table: #mysql - - How to force users to change their passwords after their first login in Linux
Please use the command below to insist that the user changes their password after their first login due to security reasons. # chage -d 0 test - How to get information about block devices, FSs and UUIDs of the Linux machine
To get information about the available block devices on the Linux machine, we can use the command line interface utility 'blkid' which displays the information about the d - How to set the password age for a user in Linux?
chage -M number_of_days username # chage -M 30 test In the above example, we see that the password for the user "test'' will expire after 30 days. - Kernel Panic for Centos (kernel.2.6.32-358.18.1.e16)
If you are using CentOS 6.4 and after doing a yum update get the error as seen below: and your server (VM) does not come up then you can do as below: 1. Access your server - How to enable mod_expires and mod_headers on any H-Sphere controlled web server?
Steps:- 1. Go to the directory "/hsphere/shared/apache2/conf" 2. There will be 3 files :- httpd.conf, httpd.conf.tmpl and httpd.conf.tmpl.custom. ? ? If "httpd.conf.tmpl.c - Restricting a File or Directory using the Access Control List
ACL is the access control list for a specific file or directory. By default an ACL is associated with a directory and the files inside that directory inherit the ACL of th - How to enable an SSH port other than 22
Steps :- 1. Make an entry of that port in the file "/etc/ssh/sshd_config". 2. Restart the sshd service. � � � That's all. - Creating a nologin user in Linux
Sometimes we need to give FTP access to a user but we restrict him from logging into the system due to security reasons.? Follow the command below to add a user "test" wit - Where to set the DNS settings in the Linux OS
To connect to the Internet from a Linux machine, we need to set the DNS for the Linux machine using the command line. We need to set up an entry in a file that is /etc/res - How to find block device attributes in Linux
There is a useful command-line utility called "blkid" to locate/print block device attributes. Its syntax is:- # blkid command output example :- # blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="1 - File system check for bad sectors on a drive in Linux
Sometimes our disk has bad sectors or may have errors like an input-output related error or be in a read-only file system. At that time we can use e2fsck which is a file s - Check your OS name and version info from the command line
To check the name of the operating system installed on the machine and its version, we can use the easy way below. Always mentioned in the /etc/*-release file is the varia - How to Enable the Quota on a drive/partition in Linux
Many times it is required to enable the quota on a drive where there is mostly user data in order to check the size used by a specific user on the system. For that, we mus - How to make a service stay ON after a reboot?
Sometimes it happens that a server has been rebooted but we forgot to check if the services which were started before the reboot are still up - and sometimes this creates - How to find out the make, model and serial number for SCSI or IDE hard disks under the CentOS Linux server?
To get the make, model and serial number for SCSI or IDE hard disks under the CentOS Linux server, we can use hdparm command . Command syntax :- # hdparm -I /dev/sda # hdp - Converting HTML pages into the PDF form on a Linux machine
If you have a Linux machine and want to save an HTML page from the Internet into the PDF format, then you can do that from the Linux machine and save that page for future - How to join multiple files in Linux
If we want to merge file1, file2 and file3, then we run the command below: cat file1 file2 file3 > file4 - Disk Analyzer tool to check disk usage
If you're facing issues with the default system utilities checking for disk usage, then there is a nice tool to check the disk usage i.e. NCDU (NCurses Disk Usage). You ju - Enabling custom ports for access to the Linux server via SSH
Making SSH (secure shell) access to the server easily available is not a good idea. For this, we should turn firewall access to the server off on the default port 22 and p - How we can update AWStats manually (Unix server)
1. Go to the Unix server. 2. cd /hsphere/shared/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin 3. Run the command for updating the domain (perl awstats.pl -config=userdomain.com -update) [It wil - Disabling ping for the Linux server in order to stop a network/ICMP flood
There are times when a hacker sends ICMP messages in a huge quantity due to which the network gets completely jammed and the server is not accessible over the network. Thi - How to check the architecture (32 bit or 64 bit?) on a Linux machine
The following commands can be used to see the server architecture:- getconf LONG_BIT � � � � � � or � uname -m - Lock/unlock a Linux user account
There are times when we need to remove a user account that is not in use but sometime later we'll need that again and then we always think at that time that if we hadn't r - How to decrypt a private key through the Linux command line
Save the encrypted key in the file enc.key and run the command below and paste the password. You will get the decrypted key in the file dec.key. [[email protected] ~]# openssl - How to assign an IP on the Linux machine with the ifconfig command
#/sbin/ifconfig eth0 netmask Example:- #/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 - How to redirect an old document to a new document using the .htaccess file in the Linux command mode
You need to do the entry below in your .htaccess file for redirection:- Redirect 301 / oldfile.html yourdomain.com/newfile2.html - How to check for bad sectors on a drive and repair them
A bad sector is a sector on a disk drive or in memory that cannot be used due to permanent damage or an OS inability to access it. Badblocks is a Linux utility that one ca - How to find out information about your CPU in the Linux command mode
If you want to know everything about your CPU, then run the command below. less /proc/cpuinfo - Sending email in Linux using the "echo" command
Sometimes we need to send an email from the server to test the mail delivery from the server and if we don't have any user/domain to send the email via authentication. In - Download files in the Linux CLI mode
>> We can download any files through the "wget" command in the Linux command mode :- ? wget www.example.com/archive.zip >> We can download and store the above examp - How to get information about the currently running processes in Linux?
Command:- ps auxww | grep (It gives the full listing of the process (long listing)). ? ? To know the count of remote processes, type the command below: ? ? ps auxww |grep - Clearing the Cache on the Linux server
We've seen many times that the server takes records from its cache which aren't the same as the real records or the globally updated records. In that scenario, we have to - How to see the records/contents of a MySQL database table?
If you have your own server and have MySQL installed with some database, and would like to view the contents of a table in that database, then you can follow the steps bel - Creating a password-protected .zip file in Linux
Please follow the command below to create a .zip file with password: >> zip -P yourpassword file_name.zip file_name? (but the password will show up in history) >> zip -e f - How to get a partition UUID in Linux
Run the command below:- [[email protected] ~]# /sbin/blkid /dev/sdc1: UUID="f5657f0c-fd89-42ab-8a0c-900253e3a1ed" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc2: UUID="49bf1dff-dc45-4041-aa93-1824c5 - The uptime and system load of a Linux machine
The uptime and system load of a Linux machine can be found out by using the “uptime” command. Uptime is a command line utility, the use of which will let you know about th - How to resolve the pretty URLs issue in Linux
As for the pretty URLs issue, ask to change the permission of the .htaccess file to 777 and then let the blogging software write the mod_rewrite rules for it. If you are u - Changing the timezone on Linux
How to change the timezone on Linux: In the Linux machine, to setup the timezone we need to create a symlink as /etc/localtime to the time zone file in the system time zon - How to restart your Web Service
Sometimes we need to restart the web service after any modifications or after an issue has been fixed. Below are the steps to restart the web service from the server end. - How to find a mailbox's password in Plesk
Some commands which can help to retrieve a mailbox's password in Plesk: 1)? To find the password for a single email account ? ? ? ? ? [email protected][#] /usr/local/psa/bin/mai - How to update Webalizer manually from the server side using H-Sphere on a Linux server
Run the command below with the correct username and domain name. /hsphere/shared/bin/sudo -u USERNAME /bin/sh -c "/hsphere/shared/bin/webalizer -p -Q -N 20 -D /var/log/dns - Increasing PHP Memory for the website
Many times we've seen that when we browse websites on the Linux server, a white page shows up that mostly means that more PHP memory is required, as allowed on the server, - How to set the default page of your website in shared Linux Plesk hosting using the .htaccess file
1 - You can simply create a file named ".htaccess" in the domain folder. 2 - Copy and paste the following line in the .htaccess file : ? ? ? DirectoryIndex default.html in - Shared Hosting for businesses
A website or web application (with database backend) can run on Windows hosting or Linux hosting. When many websites and web applications run on the? same web server, it i - Which operating system is best for my business?
When hosting a website or web application (database-driven), a business often needs to decide which operating system platform to use. A simple website or web application c
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